A “subquery” is a SELECT statement nested within another statement. A “derived table” (an unnamed view) is a subquery in the FROM clause of another statement. See Section 12.2.8, “Subquery Syntax”.

Faster binary client/server protocol with support for prepared statements and parameter binding. See Section 17.2.4, “C API Prepared Statements”.

BTREE indexing is supported for HEAP tables, significantly improving response time for non-exact searches.

CREATE TABLE tbl_name2 LIKE tbl_name1 allows you to create, with a single statement, a new table with a structure exactly like that of an existing table.

The MyISAM storage engine added support for OpenGIS spatial types for storing geographical data. See Chapter 16, Spatial Extensions.

Support was added for replication over SSL connections.

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Support for a number of additional storage engines was implemented in the MySQL 4.1 release series:

The enhanced client/server protocol available beginning with MySQL 4.1.1 provides the ability to pass multiple warnings to the client, rather than only a single result, making it much easier to track problems that occur in operations such as bulk data loading.

SHOW WARNINGS shows warnings for the last command. See Section 12.5.4.21, “SHOW WARNINGS Syntax”.

To support applications that require the use of local languages, the MySQL software added extensive Unicode support through the utf8 and ucs2 character sets.

Definition of character sets by column, table, and database. This allows for a high degree of flexibility in application design, particularly for multi-language Web sites. See Section 9.1, “Character Set Support”.

Per-connection time zones support, allowing individual clients to select their own time zones when necessary.

The addition of a server-based HELP command that can be used to get help information for SQL statements. This information is always applicable to the particular server version being used. Because this information is available by issuing an SQL statement, any client can access it. For example, the help command of the mysql command-line client has been modified to have this capability.

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The improved client/server protocol allows multiple statements to be issued with a single call, and for returning multiple result sets. See Section 17.2.9, “C API Handling of Multiple Statement Execution”.

The syntax INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ... was implemented. This allows you to update an existing row if the insert would have caused a duplicate value for a primary or unique index. See Section 12.2.4, “INSERT Syntax”.

The aggregate function GROUP_CONCAT(), added the capability to concatenate column values from grouped rows into a single result string. See Section 11.11, “Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses”.